Refining Tardive Dyskinesia Diagnosis: Causes, Symptoms, & Common Misdiagnoses

By Brianna Graham, Feb 26, 2025

What is Tardive Dyskinesia? TD is a hyperkinetic movement disorder resulting from long-term use of dopamine receptor–blocking agents commonly found in antipsychotic medications. “TD typically presents after long-term use of dopamine-blocking medications but can also appear early in the treatment course, sometimes within the first month,” says psychiatrist Alex Dimitriu, MD, in an interview with Physician’s Weekly. TD presents as involuntary, rhythmic, and stereotyped muscle movements, predominantly affecting the face and tongue but also extending to the limbs and trunk.

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